Learn how gradient descent really works by building it step by step in Python. No libraries, no shortcuts—just pure math and ...

Abstract: The manual diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often invasive, time-consuming, expensive, and prone to human error. Additionally, it can be subjective ...

Abstract: Near infrared spectra are typically high dimensional data and widely used in various industries and scientific areas. Various machine learning algorithms have been employed to classify the ...