Because each lumbar facet joint is innervated by two medial branches of the primary dorsal ramus, both must be anesthetized to completely block a single joint. For example, to block the L4-L5 facet ...

The clinical presentation of degenerative spondylolisthesis is dependent upon the concomitant presence of spinal stenosis at the slip level. Patients who present only with low back pain or who ...

Last month we discussed that the higher level (L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L4) lumbar disc herniations present significantly different than the more common lower level (L4-L5 and L5-S1) lumbar disc ...

A 72 year-old man noted chronic low back pain, worse with standing and walking. With prolonged standing, he would develop pain and numbness radiating down the posterior thighs and calves. Lumbar ...

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...